Women s Freedom And Democratic Rights - 915 Words

Therefore, the issue of how people’s freedom and democratic rights could be overseen in a notion like sadd al-dharai needs addressing. There is an assumption that Islam would not and could not allow any democracy in its society or any form of human rights. Islamic law is considered and often seen as pre-modern and absolutely no human rights component found within it (Robinson Wetherly, 2012). A lack of understanding of Shari’ah is prominent in the West. Its worth mentioning that, what may seem ‘just’ in one part of the world may not be accepted in another part must be considered (Rohe, 2014, p.3). Shari’ah is unchangeable and within law resides the preserved unchangeable of human rights (Ahmad, 2000). But the real issue lies on how these rules are applied to its people (Kabir 2011). Though this same argument could be used for the political powers of the democratic society too, where human rights are at times overthrown for the rights of people in po wer and wealth. More so, there are many Muslim thinkers that believe democracy actually has Islamic roots. Europeans (western world) where inspired by the fiqh that they encountered, in the same way they inherited other Islamic concepts, such as those in theology, politics, the natural sciences and social sciences and found its way into European culture (Jawad, 2013, p. 327). According to Ash-Shawi (as cited in, Jawad 2013) European’s version of democracy is a result of Islamic shura (consultation). Ghannouchi (as cited inShow MoreRelatedCivil Disobedience And Deliberative Democracy1550 Words   |  7 Pagesa genuine tool that can be utilised by individuals who are unable to get their voices heard in another way. It is a viable political action for citizens. Thus, considering the short comings of a democratic society, one could look at civil as being a form of democratic empowerment which aims for democratic self-determination. 3 Examples of civil disobedience in a South African context South Africa is a classic case study for acts of civil disobedience. Civil disobediences have been a means of protestRead MoreAp Comparative Government Summer Assignment1107 Words   |  5 PagesAP Comparative Government Summer Assignment: Part 1 1. Democratic Regime: A set of institutions that allow the citizens to choose the makers of public policy in free, competitive election. 2. Procedural Democracy: Countries with free and fair elections for the real policymakers and eligibility of all adults meet the minimum requirements for this. 3. Substantive Democracy: Procedural democracy + more political rights and civil liberties 4. Democratization: the transformation from a nondemocratic regimeRead MoreUnited States Undemocratic1012 Words   |  5 Pagesboth democratic and undemocratic. As a newly independent country from Great Britain, the U.S tried to stay away from the tyrannical government which they had before. America believed that by giving people a say in the government and granting more rights to citizens, they would prove to be a successful government. However, although they seemed to be democratic, the United States still had some undemocratic aspects. The United States during the mid-1800s believed that by giving people the right toRead MoreDemocracy And The Australian Political System Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pages however it is ironically produced by non-democratic and democratic instruments. The extent to which the Australian political system produces a democratic and fair society is dependent upon instruments such as the Constitution, Bicameral parliament, Separation of powers, Representative government, Responsible government and the ethic and values during a particular time. An instrument in the Australian political system that produces a fair and democratic society is the Federal Constitution 1901 becauseRead MoreFreedom Is For The Braves872 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is For the Braves Being an American means more than just a section filled out on a person’s birth certificate. Being an American is an honor and is something to be proud of. Here, everyone has a choice in what religion to believe in, what to eat, and what to do. People even have the right to choose who should be this great nation s leader. Here, people are given opportunities in every corner, and this freedom was achieved because thousands of men and women were willing to give their livesRead MoreWestern Influence on Kuwait1035 Words   |  4 Pagesclosed, less democratic, religious, stereotypical and generally patriarchal society. This has however undergone a lot of change particularly with the embracing of the Western culture that is more open, diverse and liberal in nature. Positives of western culture interaction More democratic space Western culture has had far reaching effects on many aspects of lives of the Kuwaiti in the sense that people have become more open minded and the society has turned from suppressing the women, both domesticallyRead MoreFreedom Is For The Braves873 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is for the Braves Being an American means more than just a section filled out on a person’s birth certificate. Being an American is an honor and is something to be proud of. Here, everyone has a choice in what religion to believe in, what to eat, and what to do. People even have the right to choose who should be this great nation s leader. Here, people are given opportunities in every corner, and this freedom was achieved because thousands of men and women were willing to give their livesRead MoreThe Changing Definition Of Freedom Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pages The Changing Definition of Freedom in the US Jasmin Mesner History to 1877 12 October 2016 Many ideas are important within the American culture, but to the American sense of patriotism, freedom is most fundamental. The idea of freedom is central to the American politics – which is at times referred to as liberty. Since the birth of the nation, freedom has been the vocabulary of the American language and its importance cannot be underestimated. The Declaration of Independence, for instanceRead MoreThe History of American Freedom Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesair, and civil rights are plentiful. These accounts maybe accentuated; however, the underlying message is that the American people have more freedoms then the peoples of other nations do. The most widely known American identity is freedom, and even though that American identity has been tried and tested throughout much of its history, it can still be said that America is a land of liberty. When the dogmatic kings of 17th century Europe started to abuse their own people’s rights and persecute theRead MoreDemocratic Party Vs. Democratic Parties1564 Words   |  7 Pagesgoverned under. In making these decisions citizens generally take a side, Republican or Democrat. Republican and Democratic parties are two of the nations oldest political parties however, when they originated the Republican party was the Democratic party that we have today and the Democratic party was the Conservative party we have today. To put that in simpler terms, the Democratic party were the Confederates in the civil war while the Republican party was the Union. Democrats of that time favored

Aldous Huxley s Brave New World - 1310 Words

Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a fascinating and analytical work of fiction warning society of the possibility of a future world state eerily similar to the modern world. It could be argued by the fictional citizens and many others that the World State is in fact utopian. Constant happiness, fulfillment, and instant gratification. However, Brave New World clearly depicts a deteriorating dystopian society. Although by the World State’s citizens it is seen as an impeccable, expedient utopian society, the world Aldous Huxley illustrates in Brave New World is without a doubt dystopian. The dismal nature of the brave new world is ultimately proved by overpowering control, a lack of individuality, and overall dissatisfaction throughout society. Control and power are two vital properties of the World State. Although society admires the government’s strong totalitarian hold on them, the Controllers’ complete jurisdiction ultimately contributes to the dystopian nature of Brave New World. A strong example of the theme of power depicted throughout the novel is the government’s caste system. The government appoints each child’s eternal place in society before they even take their first breath. During a tour of the Hatchery, Henry Foster says to the group of students, â€Å"‘We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage workers or future†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He was going to say Future World Controllers, but correcting himself,Show MoreRelatedAldous Huxley s Brave New World1334 Words   |  6 Pageso read Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is to understand the fear for the future during the 1930’s. Widely considered ahead of its time, Brave New World is one of the most influential novels regarding the destructive outcome of genetic and public manipulation through regime control. The story contrasts two worlds: the traditional world where the â€Å"savages† reside and the new World State: a negative utopia where unrestrained sexual freedom, reproductive technology, and mind numbing drugs run rampantRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1329 Words   |  6 PagesIn Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, life is peaceful without any rebellion from its citizens. The society is called ‘The World State’, where scientist can finally produce eggs, without women getting pregnant. As a result, there is no such thing as a â€Å"family†, and the word ‘Mother’ and ‘Father’ are consider as obscene. â€Å". . . the loathsomeness and moral obliquity of childbearing –– merely gross, a scatological rather than a pornographic impropriety† (Huxley 159). They use the Bokanovsky Process, inRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1080 Words   |  5 PagesComplete Control† Today, one s perceptions of happiness are more often than not associated with material achievements, advancements, or perhaps, love. In Brave New World, however, happiness is based upon the pursuit of stability and emotional equilibrium Aldous Huxley s dystopian novel, Brave New World serves as a warning of the ominous. Set in London, the totalitarian regime instills the motto of stability, community, [and] identity(Huxley.1.1) in its citizens. Huxley s dystopia attempts to findRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Webster’s New World Dictionary, bravery is â€Å"possessing or exhibiting courage or courageous endurance† (Agnes 178). Oftentimes, people are commended for acts of bravery they complete in the heat of a moment or overcoming a life-changing obstacle. Rarely one is commended for simply living a brave life, facing challenges they do not even understand. The characters in the Aldous Huxley’s Brave New Wor ld live a peculiar lifestyle demonstrating bravery for just breathing. Although Huxley’sRead MoreAldous Huxley s A Brave New World1649 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley has presented us a compelling story in the 20th-century called a Brave New World. One of the most notable dystopian novels, it calls for a reader to conceptualize a world, in which society and science are synonymous with each other, history had faded far into obscurity, and Henry Ford, the creator of the assembly line, becomes a deity to many uniformed individuals. The book was about how humans are no longer created by the conventional means of mating, rather artificially, throughRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1904 Words   |  8 PagesAldous Huxley’s Brave New World, published in 1932, is a masterpiece of science fiction. His imagined, dystopian state creatively employs facts and theories of science, as well as his very own thinly-veiled commentary on the future of society. His family backg round and social status, in addition to molding Huxley himself and his perspective, no doubt made impact on his writing and contributed to the scientific accuracy of his presentation. However, Huxley certainly qualifies as a social commenterRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1564 Words   |  7 Pages Envision a world where everybody is happy, there is no sorrow or suffering, no fear of death, no misery, everything is pleasant, and the government doles out happy pills, known as Soma. Aldous Huxley’s novel â€Å"Brave New World† describes this world. Is everyone truly happy, and what do the citizens sacrifice in exchange for living in this utopia? Huxley helped shape the modern mind with provocative theories about humankind s destiny, and he was concerned with the possible social and moral implicationsRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1038 Words   |  5 PagesAldous Huxley, the author of Brave New World, portrays a World State that has made consumption one of its centerpieces. Economic stability is essential to the effectiveness of the World State. They are brainwashed by advertisements and organizations that make them feel as though they are free. The people within the World State continuously consume because of the conditioning they obtained when they were younger. They are educated that when an object or good is in need of fixing, they must get ridRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World2645 Words   |  11 PagesTimes: Aldous Huxley was born into a family of renowned scientists in 1894. He lost his mother at age 14, became virtually blind due to illness three years later, and lost his older brother to suicide at age 21. Despite these setbacks, he went back to school after dropping out of Eton and earned a degree in English literature from Oxford. Because of his blindness, he was not able to do the scientific research he had previously wanted to do, and turned to writing. He wrote Brave New World in fourRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World2041 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I wanted to change the world. But I have found that the only thing one can be sure of changing is oneself†- Aldous Huxley. Throughout Aldous Huxley’s life he encountered malicious experiences that changed him drastically. He found out that he was a great writer through the dreadful and exceptional events in his life. In the novel Brave New World, Huxley uses conflict and characterization to illustrate how the adv ancement of technology can potentially cause human destruction and how individual motivation

The Lateral Ligament Complex Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Ankle hurts are a common and perennial job around the universe. International that figures report that mortise joint sprains which are fundamentally weight-bearing hurts represent 15-20 % of all featuring hurts, and about 10 % presentations to accident and exigency departments1. Harmonizing to Brookes et Al ( 1981 ) , the incidence of sidelong mortise joint sprains is about 1 per 10,000 people per twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lateral Ligament Complex Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is commonly occurs in the athleticss participants due to have oning inappropriate places and walking or running on uneven surface. The major contributes to stableness of the mortise joint articulations are the congruousness of the articular surfaces when the articulations are loaded, the inactive ligaments restraints and the musculotendinous unit, which allow for dynamic stabilisation of the joint. The sidelong ligament composite of the mortise joint, described as the organic structure ‘s †most often injured individual construction † ( Garrick, 1977 ) , is automatically vulnerable to twist hurt. At extremes of plantarflexion and inversion, influenced by the shorter median facet of the mortise joint mortice, the comparatively weak anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) and calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) are prone to changing classs of rupture, frequently via minimum force ( Hockenbury and Sammarco, 2001 ) . Ankle sprains can be classified harmonizing to the badness, the degree of hurt, the ligaments involved and clip continuance since the incidence of the injury3. As per the badness they are classified into class 1 ( ligaments non really torn ) , grade 2 ( Partially torn ) and grade 3 ( to the full torn ) . As per the degree of hurt, there are two types of mortise joint sprains ; the high and the low degree sprains4. Depending upon the ligaments involved Type 1 sprain involves partly torn anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) , type 2 involves lacerate calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) and in type 3 there is rupturing of the anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) and calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) . Harmonizing to the clip continuance there are three phases of mortise joint sprains. First or acute phase involves traumatic reaction instantly following the injury ; the first 24-48 hours. Second or stand in acute phase is from the 2nd twenty-four hours to 6 hebdomads and is the period of fix.third or chronic phase stopping points after 6 hebdomads to 2 months in which there is adherent cicatrix tissue. Immediate inflammatory processes produce acute antero sidelong hurting and hydrops, with turning away of motion and weight bearing ( Wolfe et al. , 2001 ) . Subsequent losingss of joint scope, peculiarly dorsiflexion, and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Limited dorsiflexion is common after sidelong mortise joint sprain and unequal rehabilitation of dorsiflexion scope of gesture is proposed to take to long term hurting and ankle instability. Acute mortise joint sprains holding marked decrease in dorsiflexion scope of gesture are often pain in full weight bearing and weight bearing techniques are non clinically indicated. The sub ague mortise joint sprain is characterized by important residuary shortages in dorsiflexion ( yong and vicenzino,2002 ) and the capacity to to the full weight bear. Early physical therapy intercession consists of remainder, ice, compaction, lift ( RICE ) and electrotherapy modes to command redness, every bit good as manipulative therapy and curative exercising techniques to turn to damages of motion and strength ( Wolfeet al. , 2001 ; Hockenbury and Sammarco, 2001 ) . Manipulative therapy intervention techniques studied have exhibited non- opiod hypoalgesia to mechanical but non thermic hurting stimulations ( vicenzino et Al.. , 1998 ) . Manual therapy therapy suggested that full physiological Range of gesture. For illustration, the full posterior saggital rotary motion of the talus necessary for dorsiflexion Range of gesture may non be possible when there is a restriction of posterior semivowel of the scree with regard to the ankle mortise. Treatment aimed to bettering posterior glide of the scree are hence thought the aid reconstruct dorsiflexion scope in the presence of limitation. Physiotherapist often use manipulative therapy techniques to mend disfunction and hurting ensuing from mortise joint sprains. Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) intervention improve scope of gesture and allivate hurting. The Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) intervention attack for dorsiflexion post-ankle sprain combines a comparative posteroanterior semivowel of the shinbone on scree with active dorsiflexion motions preferentially in weight bearing ( Mulligan, 1999 ) .Chance of rapid Restoration of unpainful motion are associated with Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) techniques ( Mulligan,1993, 1999 ; Exelby, 1996 ) . Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion in weight bearing patients is more effectual than in non- weight bearing patients in intervention of mortise joint sprains. ( Natalie Collins, Pamela Teys, Bill Vicenzino 2002. ) REVIEW OF LITERATURE ANKLE SPRAIN: The sidelong ligament composite of the mortise joint, described as the organic structure ‘s †most often injured individual construction † ( Garrick, 1977 ) , is automatically vulnerable to twist hurt. At extremes of plantarflexion and inversion, influenced by the shorter median facet of the mortise joint mortice, the comparatively weak anterior talofibular Ligament ( ATFL ) and calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) are prone to changing classs of rupture, frequently via minimum force ( Hockenbury and Sammarco, 2001 ) . Ankle hurts are a common and perennial job around the universe. Ankle sprains can be classified harmonizing to the badness, the degree of hurt, the ligaments involved and clip continuance since the incidence of the hurt. As per the badness they are classified into class 1 ( ligaments non really torn ) , grade 2 ( partly torn ) and grade 3 ( to the full torn ) . As per the degree of hurt, there are two types of mortise joint sprains ; the high and the low degree sprains4. Depending upon the ligaments involved Type 1 sprain involves partly lacerate ATFL, type 2 involves lacerate ATFL and integral CFL and in type 3 there is rupturing of the ATFL and CFL. Immediate inflammatory processes produce acute anterolateral hurting and hydrops, with turning away of motion and weight bearing ( Wolfe et al. , 2001 ) . Subsequent losingss of joint scope, peculiarly dorsiflexion, and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Recent informations from research lab high spots the presence of a dorsiflexion shortage non merely in the ague phase, but besides in the subacute phase ( Yang and Vicenzino, 2002 ) . Limited dorsiflexion scope of gesture ( ROM ) is common after sidelong mortise joint sprain and should be addressed during rehabilitation ( Denegar CR et Al 2002 ) . Inadquate rehabilitation of dorsiflexion scope of gesture is proposed to take to long – term hurting and mortise joint instability ( Hertel J et Al 2000 ) . An inordinate anterior supplanting of the scree is believed to happen during plantarflexioninversion hurt and persist with residuary laxness of the anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) ( mulligan,1999 ) . Early physical therapy intercession consists of remainder, ice, compaction, lift ( RICE ) and electrotherapy modes to command redness, every bit good as manipulative therapy and curative exercising techniques to turn to damages of motion and strength. Brad gilden: Ezine et Al ( 1998 ) stated that most common mechanism of hurt in mortise joint sprain is an inversion hurting that occurs when ankle turn inward and the organic structure ‘s weights compressers the mortise joint conveying the sidelong malleolus near to the floor. Brantingham et Al ( 2001 ) stated that terrible sprain ligaments tear wholly doing swelling and sometimes shed blooding under tegument. As a consequence, the mortise joint is unable to bear weight. Green denegar et Al ( 2001 ) suggested that limitation of the ankle scope of gesture may be following sidelong mortise joints sprain ensuing in the restriction of dorsiflexion scope of gesture. Jey Hertal, Denegar et Al. , ( 2002 ) stated that sidelong mortise joint instability occurs that refers to the being of an unstable mortise joint due to sidelong ligamentous harm caused by inordinate supination or inversion of the rear pes. Gillman DC, Orteza et Al ( 2006 ) stated that ‘ when the pes is distorted outwards, the sprained mortise joint is called an eversion hurt, when this occur, the interior ligament called the deltoid ligament, is stretched excessively far ‘ . Jane kavanagh et Al ( 2006 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion positional mistakes and hurting alleviation in betterment of inferior tibio fibular articulation in mortise joint sprain. MULLIGAN ‘S MOBILISATION WITH MOVEMENT: Techniques known as Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) have been proposed as fresh manual therapy techniques to better joint scope of gesture ( ROM ) by uniting physiological and accessary articulation motions. Although Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion techniques are a comparatively new intervention approach their usage in rehabilitation of patients after sidelong mortise joint sprain in going progressively common. Manual therapy theory suggests that full physiological scope of gesture ( ROM ) can non happen when restriction in accessary joint gestures exist ( Maitland GD et Al 1983 ) . For illustration, the full posterior sagittal rotary motion of the talus necessary for dorsiflexion scope of gesture ( ROM ) may non be possible when there is a restriction to posterior semivowel of the scree with regard to the ankle mortice. Treatments aimed at bettering posterior glide of the scree are hence thought to assist reconstruct dorsiflexion scope in the presence of limitation. An inordinate anterior supplanting of the scree is believed to happen during plantarflexioninversion hurt and persist with residuary laxness of the anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) ( mulligan,1999 ) . Denegar et Al, ( 2002 ) reported increased ATFL laxness and restricted posterior talar semivowel in 12 athelets who had sustained an mortise joint sprain 6 months earlier and had since returned to feature. The clinical principle given for the anteroposteiror glide constituent of the weight bearing dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique is to cut down any residuary anterior supplanting of the scree ( mulligan,1999 ) , mulligan ( 1993-1999 ) proposed that rectification of the restricted posterior semivowel, via repeats of dorsiflexion with a sustained anteroposteior talar mobilisation ( automatically similar to posteroanterior tibial semivowel on scree ) , restores the normal articulation kinematics even after release of the semivowel. Acute mortise joint sprain showed pronounced decrease in dorsiflexion scope of gesture and are often painful in full weight bearing. Therefore weightbearing techniques are non clinically indicated. The sub ague mortise joint sprain is characterized by important residuary shortages in dorsiflexion ( yang and vicenzino, 2002 ) and the capacity to to the full weight bear, doing it a good theoretical account on which to analyze the initial effects of weight bearing Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion on dorsiflexion. The dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion mechanism of action hence appears to be mechanical, and non straight via alterations in the hurting system. Mulligan ‘s et Al ( 1991 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique, aimed to cut down restricted painful motion and reconstruct hurting free and full scope of gesture. Mulligan ; s B.R et Al ( 1993 ) stated that the purpose of motion with mobilisation is to reconstruct normal scope of gesture and decreased hurting by rectifying positional mistakes. Eiff Mp, Smith AT, Smith GE, et al 1994 ) suggested that in first clip sidelong mortise joint sprains, although the both immobilisation and early mobilisation prevent late residuary symptoms and ankle instability, early mobilisation allows earlier return to work and may be more comfy for patients. Hertling and Kessler et Al ( 1996 ; 1997 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation is used to reconstruct restricted the scope of gesture in chronic mortise joint sprain. Brad Gilden ; Ezine et Al ( 1997 ) stated that manual therapy technique will be used to normal joint mechanics and to keep the proper musculus firing pattern necessary for stableness. Green et Al ( 1997 ) reported that more rapid Restoration of dorsiflexion scope of gesture and standardization of the pace in patients treated with posterior talar mobilisation following sidelong ankle sprain. Denegar and miller et Al ( 2002 ) stated that lading and emphasis to these ligaments with early return to full weight bearing may compromise the healing procedure and do the ligaments to ligaments to mend in a elongated province. Green T, Refshauge K, croshie J Adams R et Al ( 2001 ) stated that add-on of a talocrural mobilisation to the RICE protocol in the direction of ankle inversion hurts helps to accomplish hurting free dorsiflexion and better the pace velocity. Brian Irish burgoo ‘s et Al ( 2001 ) stated that construct of mobilisations with motion ( MWM ‘S ) in appendages and sustained natural apophyseal semivowels ( SNAGS ) rating with the coincident application of both therapist applied accoutrement and patient generalized active physiological motions. Denegar ( R ) , Hertel-J, Fonseca-J ; et Al ( 2002 ) stated that dorsiflexion scope of gesture was restored in the population of restricted posterior semivowel of the talocrural articulation. Craige R, Denegar PT, et Al, ( 2003 ) suggested that betterment of dorsiflexion scope of gesture and Restoration of the physiological scope of gesture and residuary articulation disfunction was noticed after joint mobilisation. Collins et Al ( 2004 ) stated that subsequent loss of joint scope of gesture peculiarly dorsiflexion and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Natalie Collins, Pamela teys, et Al ( 2004 ) conducted a survey to happen out the initial effects of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique on dorsiflexion and hurting in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. During intervention status the dorsiflexion weight bearing mobilisation with motion technique was performed on diagnostic talocrural articulation. Weight bearing dorsiflexion was measured by articulatio genus to palisade rule. Pain was measured via force per unit area and thermic hurting threshold by utilizing force per unit area algometry and thermotest system. They concluded that mobilisation with motion intervention for ankle dorsiflexion has a mechanical instead than hypoalgesic consequence in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. Mulligan ‘s dorsiflexion mobilisation with motion technique significantly increases talocrural dorsiflexion ab initio after application in subacute mortise joint sprains. Whitman.JM, Child, Walker et Al, ( 2005 ) stated that accessary joint gesture were restored and were correlated with immediate betterments in scope of gesture, pace mechanism and decreased hurting after mobilisation and manipulative intercessions. Vicenzino.B. Branjerdporn.M. Teys et Al ( 2006 ) stated that due to the success of mobilisation with motion, it was recommended as portion of a through intervention program for ankle sprain. Vicenzino et Al ( 2006 ) stated that initial consequence of a Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique on scope of gesture and force per unit area hurting threshold in hurting limited mortise joint. Branjerdporn M, Teys P, Jordan k et Al ( 2006 ) suggested that mobilisation with motion technique should be considered in rehabilitation plans following sidelong ankle sprain. Andrea Reid, Trevor, Greg Alcock et Al ( 2007 ) stated that a talocrural mobilisation with motion in weight bearing place significantly increases weight bearing dorsiflexion instantly following intervention in patients with reduced dorsiflexion due to sidelong mortise joint sprain. Dorsiflexion was assessed weight bearing lurch trial. Paungamalis.A and Teys et Al ( 2007 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion helps to better scope of gesture and degrees of hurting are non to the full understood. But mobilisation with motion appears to rectify positional mistakes which have occurred as a consequence of hurt. Several surveies have shown mobilisation with motion has a positive consequence on scope of gesture ( peculiarly dorsiflexion ) Andrea Reid, Trevor B, Birminghan, and Greg Alcock et Al ( 2007 ) suggested that a talocrural mobilisation with motion improves ankle dorsiflexion instantly following intervention. R, Jones ; J Carter: P moorie and A, Wills et Al ( 2008 ) stated that acceptable inter perceiver and intra perceiver dependability for usage of weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion appraisal tool step weight bearing dorsiflexion lurch scope of gesture. Akre Ambarish A, Jeba Chitra, khatri subhash et Al ( 2008 ) compared the effectivity was of mobilisation with motion in weight bearing and non-weight bearing place in intervention of sidelong mortise joint sprain. 30 patients were indiscriminately allotted to 2 groups. Outcome steps such as hurting and scope of gesture and pes and ankle disablement index were used. Consequences showed that mobilisation with motion in weight bearing place was more effectual than non-weight bearing place in the intervention of mortise joint sprains. Willam G. Hamilton M D et Al ( 2008 ) Thus survey stated that terpsichoreans frequently have unusual troubles related to the altered kinesiology required by their single dance signifier peculiarly in the posing of overuse hurt. Venturini C, PENEDO MM, Peixoto GH, Ferriea ML, et Al, October ; ( 2007 ) Stated that applied force was able to increase dorsiflexion scope of gesture ( ROM ) after the Maitland class III antero posterior mobilisation of the scree. Hertting and Kessler ( 1996-97 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation technique be used to reconstruct restricted scope of gesture in mortise joint sprain. Jay Hertal, Denegar et Al ( 2002 ) stated that sidelong mortise joint instability occurs that refers to the existenseof an unstable mortise joint due to sidelong ligamentous harm caused by inordinate supination or inversion of the rear pes. The Mulligan Concept Principles of Treatment: In the application of manual therapy techniques, Specific to the application of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) and SNAGS in clinical pattern, the undermentioned basic rules have been developed: 1 ) During appraisal the healer will place one or more comparable marks as described by Maitland. These marks may be a loss of joint motion, hurting associated with motion, or hurting associated with specific functional activities ( i.e. , sidelong cubitus hurting with resisted carpus extension, inauspicious nervous tenseness ) . 2 ) A inactive accoutrement joint mobilisation is applied following the rules of Kaltenborn ( i.e. , parallel or perpendicular to the joint plane ) . This accessary semivowel must itself be pain free. 3 ) The healer must continuously supervise the patient ‘s reaction to guarantee no hurting is recreated. The healer investigates assorted combinations of analogue or perpendicular semivowels to happen the right intervention plane and class of motion. 4 ) While prolonging the accoutrement semivowel, the patient is requested to execute the comparable mark. The comparable mark should now be significantly improved ( i.e. , increased scope of gesture, and a significantly decreased or better yet, absence of the original hurting ) . 5 ) Failure to better the comparable mark would bespeak that the healer has non found the right contact point, intervention plane, class or way of mobilisation, spinal section or that the technique is non indicated. 6 ) The antecedently restricted and/or painful gesture or activity is repeated by the patient while the healer continues to keep the appropriate accoutrement semivowel. Further additions are expected with repeat during a intervention session typically affecting three sets of 10 repeats. 7 ) Further additions may be realized through the application of inactive overpressure at the terminal of available scope. It is expected that this overpressure is once more, unpainful. Self-treatment is frequently possible utilizing Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) principles with adhesive tape and/or the patient supplying the glide constituent of the Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) and the patient ‘s ain attempts to bring forth the active motion. Pain is ever the usher. Successful Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) and Snags techniques should render the comparable mark painless while significantly bettering map during the application of the technique. Sustained betterments are necessary to warrant on-going intercession. † DISCUSSTION This survey was conducted to happen out the consequence of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in bettering dorsiflexion patients with sub ague mortise joint sprain. Fiften patients with sub ague mortise joint sprains who fulfilled inclusive and sole standards were selected by purposive sampling and assigned into individual group. patients were treated with Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) in weight bearing place for the continuance of 10 yearss. Statistical analysis was done by utilizing mated ‘t ‘ trial. Consequences showed that there was significance consequence of Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in weight bearing place in bettering weight bearing dorsiflexion scope of gesture in sub ague mortise joint sprain. Application of the dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique ( MWM ) to patients with subacute sidelong ligament mortise joint sprains produced a important immediate betterment in weight bearing dorsiflexion. Immediate inflammatory processes produce acute anterolateral hurting and hydrops, with turning away of motion and weight bearing ( Wolfe et al. , 2001 ) . Subsequent losingss of joint scope, peculiarly dorsiflexion, and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Recent informations from research lab high spots the presence of a dorsiflexion shortage non merely in the ague phase, but besides in the subacute phase ( Yang and Vicenzino, 2002 ) . Limited dorsifletion scope of gesture ( ROM ) is common after sidelong mortise joint sprain and should be addressed during rehabilitation ( Denegar CR et Al 2002 ) . Inadquate rehabilitation of dorsiflexion scope of gesture is proposed to take to long – term hurting and mortise joint instability ( Hertel J et Al 2000 ) . Early physical therapy intercession consists of remainder, ice, compaction, lift ( RICE ) and electrotherapy modes to command redness, every bit good as manipulative therapy and curative exercising techniques to turn to damages of motion and strength. Acute mortise joint sprain showed pronounced decrease in dorsiflexion scope of gesture and are often painful in full weight bearing. Therefore weightbearing techniques are non clinically indicated. The sub ague mortise joint sprain is characterized by important residuary shortages in dorsiflexion ( yang and vicenzino, 2002 ) and the capacity to to the full weight bear, doing it a good theoretical account on which to analyze the initial effects of weight bearing Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion on dorsiflexion Mulligan ( 1993-1999 ) proposed that rectification of the restricted posterior semivowel, via repeats of dorsiflexion with a sustained anteroposteior talar mobilisation ( automatically similar to posteroanterior tibial semivowel on scree ) , restores the normal articulation kinematics even after release of the semivowel. The dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion mechanism of action hence appears to be mechanical, and non straight via alterations in the hurting system. Paired ‘t ‘ trial concluded that there was important betterment in weight bearing dorsiflexion in Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in weight bearing place in patient ‘s with sub ague mortise joint sprains, which was supplied by surveies as follows, Akre Ambarish A, Jeba Chitra, khatri subhash et Al ( 2008 ) compared the effectivity was of mobilisation with motion in weight bearing and non-weight bearing place in intervention of sidelong mortise joint sprain. 30 patients were indiscriminately allotted to 2 groups. Outcome steps such as hurting and scope of gesture and pes and ankle disablement index were used. Consequences showed that mobilisation with motion in weight bearing place was more effectual than non-weight bearing place in the intervention of mortise joint sprains Natalie Collins, Pamela teys, et Al ( 2004 ) conducted a survey to happen out the initial effects of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique on dorsiflexion and hurting in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. During intervention status the dorsiflexion weight bearing mobilisation with motion technique was performed on diagnostic talocrural articulation. Weight bearing dorsiflexion was measured by articulatio genus to palisade rule. Pain was measured via force per unit area and thermic hurting threshold by utilizing force per unit area algometry and thermotest system. They concluded that mobilisation with motion intervention for ankle dorsiflexion has a mechanical instead than hypoalgesic consequence in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. Mulligan ‘s dorsiflexion mobilisation with motion technique significantly increases talocrural dorsiflexion ab initio after application in subacute mortise joint sprains. Brian Irish burgoo ‘s et Al ( 2001 ) stated that construct of mobilisations with motion ( MWM ‘S ) in appendages and sustained natural apophyseal semivowels ( SNAGS ) rating with the coincident application of both therapist applied accoutrement and patient generalized active physiological motions. Green et Al ( 1997 ) reported that more rapid Restoration of dorsiflexion scope of gesture and standardization of the pace in patients treated with posterior talar mobilisation following sidelong ankle sprain. Following subacut mortise joint sprains, there was increased ATF ligament laxness and restricted posterior talar semivowel which consequences in lessening in dorsiflexion scope of gesture. Subacute mortise joint sprain has capacity to to the full weight bear so that it was advised to execute Irish burgoo ‘s mobilization with motion in weight bearing place. Dorsiflexion was improved by mechanical effects gained through accessary anterioposterior motion of scree along with physiological dorsiflexion motion of talocrural articulation in patients with subacute mortise joint sprains. Therefore the survey concluded that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique was effectual in bettering dorsiflexion patients with sub ague mortise joint sprain. How to cite The Lateral Ligament Complex Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Data Co Recruitment and Selection Plan

Question: Preferred recruitment method for position selected, inclusive of evidence of research and reasons to support your decisions. Method is appropriate for data Co Recruitment and Selection Plan position. Answer: 1.0 Introduction: DataCo is a data management company which has been awarded a contract which is expected to transcribe over 3000000 documents in which some are hand written and other are typed into electronic form. These are the Singapore courts useful material like records of findings, evidences and so on from the year 1907. In order to make court proceeding modern and streamline Singapore government arranged the funding for transcribing the document into electronic format, so that they can be searched and scanned and also can be available in pdf format and the result has been stored on database. This similar project had finished in Malaysia by DataCo and now setting a new office in Singapore for same work along with the key staff. Hence DataCo needs to hire well qualified local staff within a time three months time period and within given budget. They handed this responsibility on our Singapore Elite HR company for further assistance and we accomplishing the responsibility through this report. Report will give most appropriate recruitment methods for the post IT Help Desk Operator and after that preferred selection methods for IT help desk operators role are explained in detail. 2.0 Recruitment Methods: To search and hire appropriate and qualified employees for IT Help Desk Operator position it is very important to use appropriate channels for recruitment. Hence the methods we used for recruitment are online advertisement, profession association advertising and advertising through print media. 2.1 Online Advertising: Advertising through internet is most cost effective method and more over that it will reach towards more people, the people who view this advertisement will obviously have more computer as well as technical background and hence considered as most appropriate method (Alrichs, Nancy 2000). This advertisement channel will covers all the targeted post. Additional benefits of using this method is easy and faster response producing method compare to other traditional resources (Ashby, Franklin and Arthur 2001). By overlooking this years Singapores internet job advertisement number, it is in between 106,000 to 139,000 in March and April. It is also observed through the survey that Singapores job seeker using the online recruitment channels in order to find and potential job roles in a prestigious company. The advertisement sites used by us to recruit appropriate candidates are STJOBS and Monster Singapore as these are Singapores and most reliable sites for placing the online jobs. STJOBS is largest job placement site in Singapore and Monster Singapore also has near about 1 million unique job hunter month. 2.2 Professional Association Advertising: In order to recruit well qualified and particular candidate for particular job role from the specialized labor markets this is one of strong methods for recruiting. The posts IT help desk operator is sourced from this method (Deems, Richard 1994). The candidates sourced by the industry specific placements had the proper and better educational qualification and also has higher technical skills as compare to candidates recruited from non-professionals job boards and it was approved by the research (Herman, Roger and Joyce 2001). In order to source the IT help desk operator the advertisement has been made on Singapore Computer Society and it does not require extra cost because SCS is partner of STJOBS (Dan Schawbel). One benefit of their partnership is as STJOBS placed any job advertisement, they get copied into SCS employment block which is then view by the professional partners and SCS has approximately 120 professional partners along with the major Singapore Universities. Singapores library sector and information service sectors professional organization are used in order to source the qualified librarian for DataCo. Candidates are sourced from the websites which places advertisement for career placement and are affiliated from professional advertisement (Darling, Peter 2007). Starting data of librarian job is earlier than the other four job posts. 2.3 Print Media Advertising: This is cost effective method as well as large people groups can be reached through the newspaper advertising. Newspaper advertisements are quickly created and published as well. Though the online advertising method is fast and utilized by most people, it is not fair to discard the traditional methods importance too and hence this method also has to be utilized (Meister, Jeanne 2014). Print media advertisement used by the company having less developed brands along with the online advertisement. The regional newspapers can attract more candidates for the advertised post and more applicants mean more options and among this much options good candidates can be selected (Bartram 2005, 1187). 3.0 Selection Methods: In order to select appropriate, highest performing and well qualified candidate for the post of IT Help Desk Operator relevant selection methods are used and are discussed below with their validity and reliability. The methods are Successive hurdles method which will be used to select candidates among the large intake and it also assist to obtain the great performance related to job role. Then compensatory score card methods and interviewing is performed which is most important and relevant methods and appendix contain more detail description about this method. Next the candidates have to go through the selection tests along with the higher validities. 3.1 Compensatory Scorecard Method: As we discuss above this method is used to shortlist the IT Help Desk Operator candidates from given intake, here we shortlist 45 candidates and then those candidate go through different tests like online skills checking and personality test after this two test short interview conducted to candidates. We also apply multiple regression method to score the applicants and this method come along with different advantages and also prediction errors will be minimized. If any candidate does not accept the offer then the position will be offered to another best scoring candidate. 3.2 Successive hurdles methods: In order to select the candidate for IT help desk operator position this method will be used by us to accomplish the selection. Number of remaining applicants after going through each step and full breakdown of the steps for each post can be viewed in Appendix B. 3.3 Selection methods validity and reliability: 3.3.1Reviewing the resumes and application forms: According to work experiences and education qualification the resumes has been reviewed considering all the positions in mind and also using the scoring principle (Catano, Darr Campbell 2007, 214). When large number of candidates is there for interviewing process and also performing the same activities then application forms will be useful in order to keep minimum costs with less interviews. Weighting assigned according to application forms which is mostly focused on job related questions. Application form is included contain statement of information for the applicant which inform that the information provided by then is checked and is performed in order to reduce the applicant errors. The information given in resume will be helpful in predicting the candidates characteristics according to the specific job. The validity of this work experience along with job performance is 0.27 measured by Cheng and Dainty (2005, 385). Recruiters use resumes on the basis of work and experience and is studied by Homer (2001, 60) and they made a conclusion that individual recruiters fell between inter related reliability level up to 0.60 and 0.70. Recruiters have to focus the logical and mathematical ability along with the language skills. 3.3.2 Testing of skills: The candidates are tested over the criteria aligned by Singapores Alpha Numeric test for data entry and error rate is 98% and words per minute is score delivered constraints. Short listed applicants then go through further test in assessment centre which involve PI-R personality test, skills checks and essential tests for checking computer literacy and abstract reasoning test. The test results show no vital changes in with or without supervision types. Validity of this performance testing method is measured at 0.33 Draganidis and Mentzas (2006, 63) and 0.42 validity could be reached for skills testing for clerical positions. 3.3.3 Cognitive Testing: The Singapore norm online tests are used under cognitive testing and that can be scored without any professional training. Among the other selection methods this type of testing has high validity of all selection methods. It is mostly valid and useful for job roles prediction as those posts requires higher professionalism level and managerial level. It is the important characteristics of cognitive testing those candidates are selected on performance level. Validity of cognitive testing on the basis of job and training performances is shown below: 0.73 is job proficiency validity and 0.91 is training validity in accordance with the computer programmers related job roles measured by (Horton 2000, 310) Kochanski and Ruse (1996, 30) measured professional validity as 0.74, whereas 0.69 for managers and 0.32 for clerical. 3.3.4 Testing of personalities: It is significant to check that the applicants applying for the job really have those personality traits to accomplish their job roles and to screen out them with high neuroticism. This personality testing is conducted through Neo FFI PI-R online test. As the test is carried through internet and it is not easy to identify the correct answers hence cheating percentage is very low due to which true personality will be invoked. Conscientiousness is vital characteristics to measure performance on the basis of proficiency in job and training and personal information (McEvoy, Hayton, Wrnick, Mumford, Hanks and Blahna, 2005, 400). Jobs autonomy is impacted over personality validity. For example IT Help Desk Operator requires high level of problem solving quality in applicants and hence this testing is used for improvement. Good problem solving qualities are initiative taking, quick decision making, high openness to experience and conscious. 3.3.5 Assessment Centres: IT help desk operators candidates requires job role high level of interpersonal activities and hence assessment centres are utilized. These centres are very useful and assessors should have to train effectively for running and testing. Every job roles requirements should known by the assessors and participants behavior will be observed according to it, then the participants are divided according to behavior, and their behavior quality has been judged, and determines evaluation rating of candidates. The HR staff at Elite Company will have the ability to run the assessment centres, still the training is provided to assessors of assessment centre before one day of assessment centre testing on recording of behavior and exercises of applicants. The group within the AC performs an exercise of group discussion without leader, this exercise requires that applicants involve and discuss a given topic on their own without appointing any leader. This leaderless group discussion will help the assessor to observe and identify and rate the candidates oral communication skills, leadership qualities, detailed discussion, information about topic which is related to the qualities required for the IT help desk operators job. Rausch, Sherman, and Washbush, (2002, 187) measured validity of this selection technique as 0.36 towards job performance. 3.3.6 Selection through interviews: Appendix C includes the interview questions and judging criteria for selecting highest performing candidate for IT Help Desk Operators post. This is mostly used and effective selection method in order to select the applicant on the basis of their knowledge assessed through various interview questions and has high validity if interview taken efficiently. Interview questions are related to the job roles and according to the requirement of that position and are proven to increase validity and reliability. Validity of structured interview is 0.51 as measured by Sanchez and Levine, (2009, 61) while unstructured interviews 0.37 validity and hence interviews are taken in structured manner. First to build informal rapport with applicant the behavior based and situational based interview questions will be included in interview lists. BBI questions have high validity than situation based interview questions that are 0.31 and 0.25 respectively and hence obviously BBI will be used mostly than SI s. 3.3.7 Check Background and reference of candidates: It is important to check the educational background of the candidates approached for the job, to ensure that they have the qualifications as stated in resume for IT help desk operator posts, it is must to check education background. Checking the references given by the candidates is very significant procedure during selection process in order to satisfy DataCos legal obligations towards their employees. Interviewees personality and character is identified by checking reference and external sources are used to assess previous job performance of the applicant (Spencer, 2004). With the help of meta-analysis the authors Schmidt and Hunter, (1998, 265) measured selection validity of reference checking method is 0.26. At the last round of selection process reference checking is utilized and is not used as screening too, because its reliability is measured very low approximately 0.40 or less. 4.0 Developing job and person description forms: It is crucial thing to create the job and personal description forms in order to accomplish the recruitment and selection processes. The criteria applicants should follow in order to apply for the IT Help Desk Operators job and job description is given below: IT help desk operators Job description form for DataCo Last Updated: 1st March 2012 Job Title: IT help desk operators Reporting to: TBC Level: Support level Salary: best in industry Hours: Full time Location: Singapore Job description: There role is to assess the staff if they have any difficulties related to hardware or software uses. They can use multiple medium for this and result has to be documented. They also have responsibility of training new staff regarding to new software and hardware. They should be responsible for maintaining scanning devices and updating and software and hardware whenever necessary. They are required to work in Singapore office on the basis of full time and have to report the team leader. Ensure about the data security is imperative for the IT help desk operator which is done by monitoring and managing the issues. Responsibilities and Duties: Job Responsibility and duty %time Have to answer all staff queries with all available mediums 30 Resolution records has to be created for future use 10 Can install the needful hardware and software 15 Provide and monitor hardware and software training of new staff 15 Monitoring and managing security of data 5 Maintain and support the remote computing applications and VPNs 15 DataCo Person Description Form Last Updated: 1st March 2012 Job Title: IT Help Desk Operator Qualifications: Essential: MS Certified Desktop support technician along with tertiary IT degree. Optional: Oracle training courses, Microsoft certified IT professional: Enterprise support technician Required work experience and skills: Essential: The candidate should have 2 or more years experience in an IT support role Oracle system expert Having full knowledge about all Microsoft office suits and Microsoft windows Excellent skills of problem solving Desirable: Experience in data security Personal qualities and behavioral traits: Excellent verbal communication and writing skills required Able to work in team environment High level of literacy and numeracy required Should be able to do multitask and prioritize work 5.0 Evaluating the recruitment and selection practices: It is critical to evaluate the success of our recruitment and selection plan. According to us we used most efficient and effective recruitment and selection process to appoint the best candidates for the required posts of DataCo. 5.1 Recruitment method evaluation: Through this we evaluated the return we are invested in the different channels for advertisement. This evaluation can be conducted sufficiently by collecting the numbers of responses arrived from advertisement and then cross checked them with the recruitment costs. This data is collected from STJOBS and Monster Singapore websites we used for posting our advertisements. 5.2 Selection method evaluation: According to the Shippmann et al. (2000, 706) selection method are nothing but rational model of estimates. He further concluded that employees performing higher than 85% are categorized as good employees, on and below 15% performing employees are categorized as poor and other 50% performing are standard deviation category. The selection method return is based in SD because it categorized the employees as good or poor in performance and if the SD shows good graph that means we recruited highly performing employees and vice versa. 6.0 Conclusion: The report has been given a detailed and full version for recruitment and selection procedure adopted by Elite HR Company for DataCo. Singapore. DataCo is needed to accomplish a project within two year and we find out local qualified and well performing employees for them. For this purpose we used different techniques and methods in order to place best candidates for DataCo. References: Alrichs, Nancy S., Competing for Talent: Key Recruitment and Selection Strategies for Becoming an Employer of Choice, Davies-Black Publishing, Palo Alto, California, 2000. Ashby, Franklin C. and Arthur R. Pell 2001 Embracing Excellence: Become an Employer of Choice to Attract and Keep the Best Talent, Prentice Hall Press, Paramus, New Jersey. Deems, Richard S. 1994 Interviewing: More than a Gut Feeling, Provant Media Publishing, Urbandale, Iowa. Herman, Roger E. and Joyce L. 2001 How to Become an Employer of Choice, Oakhill Press, Winchester, Virginia. Dan Schawbel. 2015 Time. Darling and Peter. 2007 "Disabilities and the Workpiace".Business NH Magazine24(8): 28. Meister, Jeanne. Forbes. RetrievedJanuary 9,2014. Bartram, D. 2005 The Great Eight competencies: A criterion-centric approach to validation. 90, 11851203. Catano, V., Darr, M., Campbell, C. 2007 Performance appraisal of behaviour-based competencies: A reliable and valid procedure. Personnel Psychology, 60, 201-230 Cheng, M. I., . Dainty, R. I. J. 2005 Toward a multidimensional competency-based managerial performance framework: A hybrid approach. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20, 380-396 Draganidis, F., Mentzas, G. 2006 Competency-based management: A review of systems and approaches. Information Management Computer Security, 14, 51-64 Homer, M. 2001 Skills and competency management. Industrial and Commercial training, 33/2, 59-62 Horton, S. 2000 Introduction- the competency-based movement: Its origins and impact on the public sector. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 13, 306-318 Kochanski, J. T., Ruse, D. H. 1996 Designing a competency-based human resources organization. McEvoy, G., Hayton, J., Wrnick, A., Mumford, T., Hanks, S., Blahna, M. A. 2005 competency-based model for developing human resource professionals. Journal of Management Education, 29, 383-402 Rausch, E., Sherman, H., Washbush, J. B. 2002 Defining and assessing competencies for competency-based, outcome-focused management development. The Journal of Management Development, 21, 184-200 Sanchez, J. I., . Levine, E. L. 2009 What is (or should be) the difference between competency modeling and traditional job analysis? Human Resource Management Review, 19, 5363 Schmidt, F.L., Hunter, J.E. 1998 The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practice and theoretical implications of research findings. 124, 262-274 Shippmann, J. S., Ash, R. A., Battista, M., Carr, L., Eyde, L. D., Hesketh, B., Kehoe, J., Pearlman, K., Sanchez, J. I. 2000 The practice of competency modeling, Personnel Psychology, 53, 703-740 Spencer, L. M. 2004 Competency Model Statistical Validation and Business Case Development, HR Technologies , White Paper